Treasures of Al-Andalus - Classical music frim the kingdoms of the Taifas, 11th-12th century

A number of musical instruments used in classical music, particularly in Spanish music, are believed to have been derived from Arabic musical instruments used in Al-Andalus: the lute was derived from the al'ud, the rebec (ancestor of violin) from the rebab, the guitar from qitara, naker from naqareh, adufe from al-duff, alboka from al-buq, anafil from al-nafir, exabeba from al-shabbaba (flute), atabal (bass drum) from al-tabl, atambal from al-tinbal,[87] the balaban, the castanet from kasatan, sonajas de azófar from sunuj al-sufr, the conical bore wind instruments,[88] the xelami from the sulami or fistula (flute or musical pipe),[89] the shawm and dulzaina from the reed instruments zamr and al-zurna,[90] the gaita from the ghaita, rackett from iraqya or iraqiyya,[91] the harp and zither from the qanun,[citation needed] canon from qanun, geige (violin) from ghichak,[92] and the theorbo from the tarab.[93] It is also commonly acknowledged by flamenco performers that the vocal, instrumental, and dance elements of modern flamenco were greatly influenced by the Arab performing arts.