The formation of new nation states during the 19th century also introduced the notion of music cultures with a national identity: Existing folk music styles were unified (as in the “narodna muzika” of Bulgaria) and also became the foundation of a national art music with which countries sought to literally “gain an audience in the concert of European powers” (expressions like this are still heard today) Nations which had long existed and had played a key role in European history were also involved in this movement: It was a commonly held understanding that an independent state also had its own (music) culture...